MEKANISME MOLEKULER DAN BIOAKTIVITAS TERIPANG DALAM PROSES PENYEMBUHAN LUKA: A PRISMA-BASED SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Sella Dwi Ananta; Septiana Indratmoko; Tatang Tajudin

doi:10.31596/cjp.v9i3.381

MEKANISME MOLEKULER DAN BIOAKTIVITAS TERIPANG DALAM PROSES PENYEMBUHAN LUKA: A PRISMA-BASED SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31596/cjp.v9i3.381

Sella Dwi Ananta⁽¹⁾, Septiana Indratmoko^(2*), Tatang Tajudin⁽³⁾

(1) Universitas Al-Irsyad Cilacap
(2) Universitas Al-Irsyad Cilacap
(3) Universitas Al-Irsyad Cilacap
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Teripang (Holothuroidea) merupakan biota laut yang dikenal memiliki kemampuan regenerasi jaringan yang sangat tinggi, menjadikannya sumber alami potensial bagi pengembangan senyawa bioaktif untuk terapi penyembuhan luka. Proses penyembuhan luka sendiri merupakan mekanisme biologis kompleks yang melibatkan interaksi dinamis antara fase inflamasi, proliferasi, dan remodeling jaringan. Gangguan pada salah satu fase tersebut dapat menghambat proses regenerasi, memperpanjang waktu penyembuhan, serta meningkatkan risiko infeksi dan pembentukan jaringan parut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengompilasi, dan menganalisis secara sistematis berbagai bukti ilmiah terbaru mengenai mekanisme molekuler dan aktivitas biologis senyawa aktif teripang yang berperan dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA melalui basis data Scopus. Pencarian dilakukan menggunakan kata kunci “sea cucumber” AND (“wound healing” OR “skin repair” OR “skin regeneration”) pada rentang waktu publikasi 2021–2025. Dari total 100 artikel yang ditemukan, sebanyak 15 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara mendalam. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa teripang mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif utama seperti saponin triterpenoid, polisakarida sulfat, glikosaminoglikan fukosilasi, peptida bioaktif, asam lemak esensial, serta senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut berperan dalam aktivasi berbagai jalur pensinyalan penting seperti PI3K/Akt, MAPK–ERK, NF-?B, dan Wnt/?-catenin yang mendukung proliferasi fibroblas, diferensiasi keratinosit, sintesis kolagen, serta angiogenesis. Selain itu, aktivitas antiinflamasi dan imunomodulator ekstrak teripang terbukti menekan mediator proinflamasi sekaligus meningkatkan ekspresi sitokin antiinflamasi, sehingga mempercepat transisi jaringan menuju fase regeneratif. Kesimpulan dari kajian literatur ini yaitu kombinasi dari aktivitas antioksidan, imunomodulator, dan proangiogenik menunjukkan bahwa teripang memiliki potensi besar sebagai agen bioaktif multifungsi yang aman dan efektif untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif alami dalam formulasi farmasi dan biomedis untuk terapi penyembuhan luka.

Keywords

Bioactivity; molecular mechanism; sea cucumber; tissue regeneration; wound healing;

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31596/cjp.v9i3.381